By Flores, Eduardo F. and Gil, Laura H. and Pilati, Celso Driemeier David Moojen Valeria Wendelstein Ana Cristina and Weiblen, Rudi Scherer Charles, Pesquisa Veterinaria Brasileira, 2000
Description
Highly virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates, named BVDV type-2 (BVDV-2), were initially identified in outbreaks of acute and hemorrhagic BVD and have been previously isolated mainly in North America. The present article describes two cases of gastroenteric/respiratory disease in southern Brazil from which BVDV type 2 viruses were isolated. The viruses were isolated from two heifers belonging to different herds. One animal developed an acute disease, characterized by anorexia, ruminal atony, dark to bloody diarrhea, tenesmo and mucopurulent nasal discharge. The other animal developed a long lasting disease (7 months), characterized by retarded growth, anorexia, recurrent episodes of diarrhea, interdigital dermatitis, occasional digestive and genital bleeding, conjuntivitis, arthritis and chronic pneumonia. Disseminated mucosal congestion, extensive and deep ulcerations in the tongue, palate and esophagus, necrotic areas in the ruminal mucosa, areas of congestion covered with fibrin in the small intestine were the most prominent findings. BVDV antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry in the tongue epithelium, lungs and in mesenteric lymph nodes. Non-cytopathic BVD viruses were isolated from white blood cells and spleen from the affected animals through inoculation of cultured cells and demonstration of viral antigens by immunofluorescence. Subsequently, antigenic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of these - plus two BVD viruses that have been isolated from healthy fetuses - allowed their classification into the genotype 2. The presence of BVDV-2 among Brazilian cattle is epidemiologically relevant and may have important implications for diagnosis, immunization strategies and vaccine production
Highly virulent bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) isolates, named BVDV type-2 (BVDV-2), were initially identified in outbreaks of acute and hemorrhagic BVD and have been previously isolated mainly in North America. The present article describes two cases of gastroenteric/respiratory disease in southern Brazil from which BVDV type 2 viruses were isolated. The viruses were isolated from two heifers belonging to different herds. One animal developed an acute disease, characterized by anorexia, ruminal atony, dark to bloody diarrhea, tenesmo and mucopurulent nasal discharge. The other animal developed a long lasting disease (7 months), characterized by retarded growth, anorexia, recurrent episodes of diarrhea, interdigital dermatitis, occasional digestive and genital bleeding, conjuntivitis, arthritis and chronic pneumonia. Disseminated mucosal congestion, extensive and deep ulcerations in the tongue, palate and esophagus, necrotic areas in the ruminal mucosa, areas of congestion covered with fibrin in the small intestine were the most prominent findings. BVDV antigens were detected by immunohistochemistry in the tongue epithelium, lungs and in mesenteric lymph nodes. Non-cytopathic BVD viruses were isolated from white blood cells and spleen from the affected animals through inoculation of cultured cells and demonstration of viral antigens by immunofluorescence. Subsequently, antigenic characterization and phylogenetic analysis of these - plus two BVD viruses that have been isolated from healthy fetuses - allowed their classification into the genotype 2. The presence of BVDV-2 among Brazilian cattle is epidemiologically relevant and may have important implications for diagnosis, immunization strategies and vaccine production
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